Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Senna siamea Leaf and their Inhibitory Activity Against Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum.
Matthew Egbono Otor, Timothy Akpomie, Abdullahi Usman.
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia.
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom.
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Salmonella, Senna siamea, stigmasterol, pheophytin A, toxicity.
*Corresponding Author: otormatty@yahoo.com
Page No: 239-251
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AbstractSenna siamea is known for its medicinal properties, including antimicrobial activity. With increasing antibiotic residue in meat and egg, there is a need to search for alternative treatment for fowl typhoid and pullorum disease. This work aimed to isolate and characterize bioactive compounds in Senna siamea leaves with inhibitory activity against S. gallinarum and S. pullorum. Ethanol extract was subjected to liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Column chromatography analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract gave two pure compounds with molecular weights of 870.5886 Da and 412.3705 Da, by mass spectrometer. Nuclear magnetic resonance data, such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC, and mass spectrometer resolution revealed the two compounds as pheophytin A and stigmasterol, respectively Against S. gallinarum and S. pullorum, pheophytin A had an inhibitory zone of 23 mm while stigmasterol had an inhibitory zone of 22 mm at 100 μg/mL. The MICs for the two compounds was 25 μg/mL. The minimum concentration required to kill the bacteria is 25 μg/mL for pheophytin A and 100 μg/mL for stigmasterol. Molecular docking yielded a positive result with stigmasterol, while pheophytin A could not be docked because of its high molecular weight. Swiss ADME was used to predict adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, while Protox 3 was used to predict the toxicity profile of the compounds. Pheophytin A has an LD50 of 40 mg/kg, and stigmasterol has an LD50 of 890 mg/kg. The toxicity profile revealed that there was no hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or cytotoxicity for the two compounds. Pheophytin A is not soluble, while stigmasterol is moderately soluble in water.
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