Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Dacryodes Klaineana (Pierre) H. J. Lam (Burseraceae) On Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats.

Dacryodes klaineana, glibenclamide, alloxan,hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus

*Corresponding author: patrick.obi@esut.edu.ng;
DOI:https://doi.org/10.61594/tnpr.v5i2.2024.107

Page No: 72-80
Volume: 5, Issue 2, 2024
Trends in Natural Products Research
Copy Right: NAPREG

Abstract

There is paucity of scientific knowledge concerning the general pharmacological activity of Dacryodes klaineana. Conventional anti-diabetic drugs are associated with adverse drug reactions and several side effects. The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical composition and the anti-diabetic properties of ethanol extract of the stem bark of Dacryodes klaineana in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The powdered stem bark was macerated in ethanol for 72hrs and two third of the total weight of the extract obtained was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol using column chromatography. The toxicity study, phytochemical screening and analytical evaluation of the powdered sample were done using standard methods. The albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups of four rats each and diabetes was induced in the rats intraperitoneally using 120 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate. Groups of diabetic rats were treated with oral doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of the ethanol crude extract (ECE), 200 mg/kg of each fraction and 5 mg/kg of glibenclamide (standard) for 14 days. Blood glucose levels of the rats were measured every 3 days for 14 days. The macroscopic evaluation revealed a reddish-brown stem bark with a characteristic smell when powdered, a rough texture when touched and is brittle and quill shaped when dried. The analytical evaluation of the powdered sample produced total ash value of (6.50%), acid insoluble ash (0.67%), water soluble ash (5.00%), and moisture content (7.83%), ethanol extractive value (4.00%), n-hexane extractive value (0.50%) and ethyl acetate extractive (1.00%). Significant reductions (p<0.05) in blood sugar level by the crude extract and fractions as well as the standard drug groups were evident. The result of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, proteins, saponins, reducing sugars. carbohydrates, steroids and terpenoids in the crude extract. The ethanol extract of Dacryodes klaineana stem bark has potential anti-diabetic properties that could be explored in the development of new anti-diabetic agent.