Antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Ethyl gallate Isolated from the stem bark of Acacia nilotica (L) Delile

Antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Ethyl gallate Isolated from the stem bark of Acacia nilotica (L) Delile

Haruna Baba, Ekpe Ini, ANiefiok Udobre, Ahmadu Ajibogun Augustine

 

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Calabar, Nigeria.
  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja-Nigeria.
  3. Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Uyo, Uyo-Nigeria.
  4. Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja, Nigeria

 

Key words:

Acacia nilotica, antioxidant, ethyl gallate, α- amylase, α-glucosidase

 

 

 

 

*Corresponding author:

ahmadu2001@yahoo.com;
DOI:https://doi.org/10.61594/tnpr.v6i3.2025.134

Page No: 205-214
Volume: 6, Issue 3, 2025
Trends in Natural Products Research
Copy Right: NAPREG

Abstract

Acacia nilotica (L). Dilile is a plant used traditionally against cancer, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antiinflammation, antifungal and antidiabetic activities have all been documented. Despite the reported traditional uses of this plant in the management of diabetes mellitus there is no report on the chemical constituents responsible for this activity. The dried pulverized stem bark was extracted with 95% ethanol and the crude extract was partitioned with water, ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction (C4) was subjected to column chromatography to afford ethyl gallate (C1) and a chromatographic fraction (C3) respectively. The chemical structure of ethyl gallate was established on the basis of NMR and compared with literature. C1, C3 and C4 were evaluated for antioxidant property using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The result revealed that the ethyl acetate soluble fraction, ethyl gallate and the chromatography fraction exhibited dose dependent
DPPH radical scavenging activity with ethyl gallate showing the highest activity with IC50 of 6.64±1.00 µg/ml comparable to ascorbic acid with IC50 of 4.94±0.37 µg/ml respectively. The chromatographic fraction (C3) showed the highest activity against ABTS, while both the ethyl acetate fraction and ethyl gallate exhibited ferric reducing property. Ethyl gallate however showed weak inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase in comparison to the standard drug acarbose. Ethyl gallate isolated from Acacia nilotica exhibited strong antioxidant activity which may justify the potentials of this plant as source of antioxidant in the management of diabetes mellites.