Antiplasmodial Activities and Molecular Docking Study of the GC-MS Identified Bioactive Compounds in Daniella oliveri (Rolf) Hutch. and Dalziel, and Morinda lucida Benth Leaves
Muazu Muhammed, Deborah Madi Dibal, Yahaya Abdullahi Umar, Anthony Philip Vantsawa,
Yahaya Yakubu
- Department of Environmental Science, National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Jabi, Abuja,
Nigeria. - Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| Key words:
Antiplasmodial activity, molecular docking, GC-MS, Daniellia oliveri, Morinda lucida. Eruric acid
*Corresponding author: muazmed@gmail.com;; Page No: 174-192 |
AbstractMalaria is a leading cause of death in many developing countries where young children and pregnant women are mostly affected. The rapid emergence and spread of resistant Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin derivatives and other conventional antimalarial drugs necessitated the study of bioactive compounds, antiplasmodial potentials, and synergistic effects of Daniellia oliveri and Morinda lucida leaves. This study aimed to determine the antiplasmodial activities and molecular docking of the GC-MS identified bioactive compounds in Daniella oliveri and Morinda lucida leaves. Aqueous crude extraction of pulverized Daniellia oliveri leaves (ADOE), Morinda lucida leaves (AMLE), and combined Daniellia oliveri and Morinda lucida leaves (ADME) was performed. Fractionation of the aqueous extract of the combined leaves (ADME) was performed to obtain the methanol (MFC), ethanol (EFC), and ethyl acetate (EAFC) fractions. GC-MS analysis was used to identify bioactive compounds in the three aqueous crude extracts, in addition to antiplasmodial and molecular docking studies. The GC-MS analysis identified a total of 65 bioactive compounds in the combined leaves extract, MFC was the most potent, with the highest antiplasmodial activity. Molecular docking studies identified erucic and linolelaidic acids as the two bioactive compounds with the highest binding affinity for the targeted PbLDH receptor, indicating the highest antiplasmodial activities of the two compounds. The purified MFC contained
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