Bioactivity of Extracts, Fractions, and Compounds of Andrographis paniculata: A Review.
Joshua Inanabor Isibor1*, Vincent Oghenerobo. Imieje2, Kennedy Osahon Ogbeide1, Osayewemre Erharuyi2, Abiodun Falodun2
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154 Ugbowo, Benin City, 300001, Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, PMB 1154 Ugbowo, Benin City, 300001, Nigeria.
| Key words:
Andrographis paniculata, bioactivity, diterpenoids, andrographolide, flavonoids, polyphenols.
*Corresponding author: joshua.isibor@physci.uniben.edul; Page No: 10-23 |
AbstractAndrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (Acanthaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant of the family Acanthaceae commonly used as a medicinal plant in different parts of the world. It is native to Southeastern/Southern Asia but also distributed in the tropics like Nigeria and other West African countries. It mainly consists phytochemicals such as diterpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. However, the main phytochemical responsible for its bioactivity is a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone known as andrographolide – a bitter principle isolated in pure form in 1911 by Gorter and accountable for the bitter taste of the plant. Andrographolide is an abundant constituent of the plant’s stem and leaves extracts and has been known from bio-synthetic and research studies to have several analogs such as 5-Hydroxy-7,8,2′-Trimethoxyflavone from Tissue Culture, Andrographine, and Panicoline from the roots; as well as 5-Hydroxy-7,8,2′,3′-Tetramethoxyflavone,14-Deoxy-11-oxoandrographolide, 14-Deoxy-11-dehydroandrographolide, Neoandrographolide, Paniculide-A, Paniculide-B and Paniculide-C from the whole plant. Some of the flavonoids from the plant known to possess antiatherosclerotic properties include apigenin, onysilin, 7-O-methylwogonin, and the 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The plant holds potential for the discovery of potent phytochemicals for treating various diseases.
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