Evaluation of Physicochemical and Antioxidant Potential of Fixed Oil from Curcuma Longa Linn.
Emmanuel Mshelia Halilu1,2* Yabalu Zakari Abacha3, Cynthia Samagoro4, Sani Saidu Bello5 and Sa’adatu Jibril Abdullahi2
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University Haspolat, Nicosia, North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto-Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri-Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe –Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano-Nigeria.
| Key words:
Curcuma longa, Physicochemical, Phytochemical and Acute toxicity, Antioxidant. .
*Corresponding author: emshelia2002@yahoo.com Page No.: 66-74 Volume: 2, Issue 2 2021 Trends in Natural Products Research Copy Right: NAPREG |
Abstract Curcuma longa is used in traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of diseases with etiologies linked to free radicals. This study was designed to investigate the physicochemical, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the oil extracted from Curcuma longa rhizome. The plant was collected from its natural habitat and then identified. The sliced air-dried rhizome was powdered using grinding mill. The physicochemical parameters of the powdered rhizome were determined using standard procedures. The oil was extracted from the powdered rhizome using n-hexane. The solubility of the oil and the specific gravity were determined using standard methods. The oil was screened qualitatively for phytochemicals constituents and then analyzed for its chemical constituents using GC-MS. The acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), ester value (EV) and iodine value (IV) were determined. The acute toxicity was determined in mice using the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) method. The free radical scavenging activity was assayed using DPPH assay. The result of the physicochemical studies revealed moisture content (9.5 %) total ash (8.0 %) acid insoluble ash (3.5 %,), alcohol extractive value (4.8 %) and water extractive value (5.2 %). The percentage yield of the oil was 3.53 %. The oil was soluble in most of the solvents tested. The specific gravity of the oil was 0.98. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the oil revealed the presence of steroids and terpenoids. The GC-MS analysis of the oil showed the presence of tumerone, atlantone, caryophyllene, α-terpeniol, eugenol, curlone, octanoic acid-3-phenylpropyl ester and bisabolene. The AV, SV, EV and IV were 308.55mg/g, 230.01 mgKOH/g, 78.54 mgKOH/g and 12.68 g/100g respectively. The acute oral toxicity study of the oil showed that oil was safe up to 5000 mg/kg per body weight. The oil exhibited free radical scavenging activity using DPPH. The results of this research showed that Curcuma longa oil can be used as a source of natural antioxidants. |