Evaluation of the Antiulcer Activity of Methanol/Methylene Chloride Leaf Extract of Chromolaena odorata (L.) in Rats
Ikechukwu Emmanuel Peter*, Mary Theresa Onwuka Akachukwu, Florence Nwakaego Mbaoji, Martha Nneoma Ofokansi, Chukwuemeka Sylvester Nworu
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001 Enugu Nigeria
| Key words:
Antiulcer, Chromolaena odorata leaves, rabbit jejunum, spasmogenic, indomethacin
*Corresponding author: +2348069645175 DOI: 10.48245/tnpr-2734391.2021.1.203 Page No.: 87-98 |
Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the gastro protective properties of the methanol/methylene chloride (1:1) leaf extract ofChromolaena odorata (L) King & Robinson (Asteraceae) in rats. The extract was subjected to oral acute toxicity (LD50) and phytochemical studies. Anti-ulcer effect was evaluated in three ulcer models induced with absolute ethanol, indomethacin and hypothermic-restraint stress in rats. Other anti-ulcer related activities of the extract such as the effects on gastrointestinal motility in mice, and the activity on contractions evoked by standard agonists on isolated guinea pig ileum were also determined. The extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), atropine (1 mg/kg) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg) were orally administered. The LD50 of the extract was more than 5000 mg/kg. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds in the extract. In absolute ethanol-induced ulcer model, administration of the extract of C. odorata reduced the ulcer indices (p <0.05) at 400 mg/kg. The rats were significantly protected from the indomethacin-induced ulceration (p < 0.05) at 200 mg/kg. A dose-dependent increase in ulcer protection was offered in hypothermic restraint stress induced ulcer. Increasing concentrations of the extract did not produce spasmogenic effect on the isolated guinea pig ileum, but produced a dose-related inhibition of contractile responses to acetylcholine and histamine with IC50 of 1.78 × 10-2 µg/ml and 1.19 × 10-1 µg/ml, respectively. The leaf extract of C. odorata possesses gastroprotective properties. This justifies the folklore uses of the plant in peptic ulcer disease.
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