Evaluation of the Antiulcerogenic Effects of N-Hexane Fraction of Dialium guineense, Willd Leaves on Indomethacin-Induced Ulcer on Adult Albino Wistar Rat
Samuel Chukwudi Chime1*, Emmanuel Obiora Abonyi2, Magnus Kelechi Duru1, Darren Chukwuemeka Samuel1
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Nigeria College of Medicine Enugu Campus.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane Enugu
| Key words:
Dialium guineense, n-hexane fraction. indomethacin, ulcer, rats.
*Corresponding author: drchukwudi@gmail.com; Page No: 303-313 |
AbstractDeveloping countries are burdened by a low standard of living, resulting in stressful conditions that expose the citizens to many health challenges, like peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Prevalence of fake and substandard drugs with the attendant side effects has resulted in the interest and use of ethnomedicine. This study aimed to evaluate the curative antiulcer effects of the n-hexane fraction of Dialium guineense, Willd (Fabaceae) (DG) leaves on the NSAID-induced model of PUD in adult Wistar rats. D. guineense, leaves were subjected to extraction, fractionation, phytochemical analyses, and determination of lethal dose (LD50). Adult Wistar rats (36), divided into 6 groups of 6 per group, were used. Group 1 was a normal control, while groups 2 – 6 were induced peptic ulcer with indomethacin (40 mg/kg) via oral gavage. Group 2 animals served as ulcer control, group 3 received the standard drug (omeprazole 20 mg/kg), groups 4 – 6 received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of n-hexane fraction, respectively. The animals were treated 14 days after the administration of indomethacin. On the 15th day, blood samples were taken, and the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and their stomach were isolated for ulcer index and histopathology. The antioxidant activity of the fraction was investigated by examining its effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH). catalase (CAT) activity was also assessed. Free acidity, total acidity, and pH values were estimated. Phytochemical analyses showed the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The results of the LD50 showed neither deaths nor signs of acute toxicity up to 5000 mg/kg dose. There was little or no ulceration in the n-hexane fraction treated groups. Antioxidant studies showed significantly increased values of SOD and significantly decreased values of MDA, supporting positive antioxidant activity; CAT and GSH values were not affected. Free acidity and total acidity were significantly decreased by 100 and 200 mg/kg of N-hexane fraction. Histopathology showed normal stomach histoarchitecture of the treatment group |