Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis and Toxicological Evaluation of Methanol Leaf Extract of Napoleona vogelii Hook (Lecythidaceae)

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis and Toxicological Evaluation of Methanol Leaf Extract of Napoleona vogelii Hook (Lecythidaceae)

Edward Iweizeuwa Oheren1 , Abigail Mebu Akhigbemen1 , Gerald Ikechi Eze2 , Sunday Maliki

Momoh3 , Nnaemeka Tobechukwu Asogwa4 , Raymond Iduojemu Ozolua1*

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  1. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City300001, Nigeria.
  2. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City300001, Nigeria.
  3. Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City300001, Nigeria.
  4. Central Research Laboratory, 132B University Road, Tanke-Ilorin, Nig

 

Key words:

Phytochemical constituents, toxicity, hematological indices, biochemical parameters,      histology.

 

 

 

 

*Corresponding author: ozolua@uniben.edu;

DOI: 10.48245/tnpr-2734391.2022.3.101

Page No: 1-22
Volume: 3, Issue 1, 2022
Trends in Natural Products Research
Copy Right: NAPREG

Abstract

The leaves of Napoleona vogelii Hook (Lecythidaceae) are used in ethnomedicine as antitussive, anti-asthmatic, anti-ulcer, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, and antimicrobial. The aim of this study was to identify the compounds present in the methanol leaf extract and to evaluate its toxicological profile. The constituents were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Oral acute toxicity was evaluated in rats. Doses of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg/day were administered to groups of rats for21 consecutive days after which weight, hematological, biochemical, and histological markers of toxicity were evaluated. The GC-MS analysis showed 25 peaks corresponding to 25 different compounds. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 5000 mg/kg. Following repeated administration for 21 days, there were no significant effects on weight indices, hematological parameters, serum proteins, bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lipids. There was a dose-dependent significant reduction in the concentrations of bicarbonate. Histologically, no abnormality except vasodilatation was observed in the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, lungs, spleen and liver of extract-treated rats. Knowledge of the constituents provides a scientific basis for some of the ethnomedicinal uses while the toxicological results suggest that the extract is relatively safe.