Immunomodulatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide and Pleurotus tuberregium Polysaccharide Extracts on Lead-Intoxicated Wistar Rats

Immunomodulatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide and Pleurotus tuberregium Polysaccharide Extracts on Lead-Intoxicated Wistar Rats

Sobowale Michael Tosin, Olorundare Olufunke Esan, Ajayi Abayomi Mayowa, Saliu Jamiyu Ayodeji, Emaleku Sunday Adeola, Ogunbodede Adedeji David

 

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo state, Nigeria.
  2. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin,
    Nigeria.
  3. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
  5. Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Augustine University, Ilara Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria.

 

Key words:

Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus tuberregium, lead, spleen, hematology

 

 

 

 

*Corresponding author:

sobowale.tosin@iuokada.edu.ng;
DOI:https://doi.org/10.61594/tnpr.v6i3.2025.133

Page No: 193-204
Volume: 6, Issue 3, 2025
Trends in Natural Products Research
Copy Right: NAPREG

Abstract

Exposure to lead (Pb) impairs the immune function of the spleen, making it difficult for the body to fight infection. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) and Pleurotus tuberregium polysaccharide (PTP) have biological activities that boost host immunity by enhancing immune cell function and promoting the release of immune factors. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus tuberregium polysaccharide extracts in Pb-intoxicated Wistar rats. Fifty-six (56) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of eight animals each. Group 1 was administered rat pellets and water (ad libitum). The other six groups were treated with Pb (25 mg/kg) for 14 days to determine the pathological effects of Lead (Pb). Fourteen (14) days after Pb administration, the animals were treated as follows: group 2 served as the Pb only group, group 3 received PTP (100 mg/kg), group 4 received GLP (100 mg/kg), group 5 received 2,3-Dimecarptosuccinic acid (DMSA) (50 mg/kg), group 6 received penicillamine (PENN) (30 mg/kg), and group 7 received calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (CaNa2EDTA) (50 mg/kg). Haematological parameters, oxidative stress, and histopathological analyses were performed. The results of this investigation showed that GLP and PTP attenuated Pb-induced
haematological derangement with a significant increase in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nonenzymatic glutathione (GSH). Histology of the spleen of rats administered with Pb only showed splenic tissue with areas of inflammation, while the rats treated with GLP and PTP exhibited splenic tissue with normal red pulp and normal white pulp follicles. This study suggests that GLP and PTP have strong immunomodulatory properties by increasing anti-oxidant activities and alleviating histological alteration.